Precision IC programming automation · Shenzhen, Chinasale@kincoto.com
Understanding GHS Labels & Safety Data Sheets: A Practical Guide for Chemical Buyers
The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) provides a standardized approach to chemical classification, labeling, and safety communication. This practical guide helps procurement professionals, warehouse managers, and end users correctly interpret GHS labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for safe chemical handling.
GHS Label Elements
- Product Identifier: Chemical name, CAS number, and trade name
- Signal Word: "Danger" (severe hazards) or "Warning" (less severe) — only one per label
- Pictograms: 9 standard red-bordered diamond symbols indicating hazard categories
- Hazard Statements (H-codes): Standardized phrases describing the nature and degree of hazard (e.g., H302: Harmful if swallowed)
- Precautionary Statements (P-codes): Recommended measures to minimize exposure and harm (e.g., P280: Wear protective gloves)
- Supplier Information: Name, address, and emergency phone number
The 9 GHS Pictograms
| Pictogram | Hazard Type | Common Chemicals |
| Flame | Flammable liquids, gases, solids | Acetone, IPA, methanol, toluene |
| Flame over circle | Oxidizers | Hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite |
| Corrosion | Corrosive to metals, skin, eyes | HCl, H2SO4, NaOH, KOH |
| Skull & crossbones | Acute toxicity (severe) | Methanol (ingestion), cyanides |
| Exclamation mark | Irritant, narcotic, low acute toxicity | Detergent concentrates, mild solvents |
| Health hazard | Carcinogen, mutagen, organ damage | Formaldehyde, benzene, chromium VI |
| Environment | Aquatic toxicity | Pesticides, heavy metal compounds |
| Gas cylinder | Gases under pressure | CO2, nitrogen, compressed air |
| Exploding bomb | Explosives, self-reactive | Organic peroxides, ammonium nitrate |
SDS 16-Section Structure
- Sections 1-3: Identification, hazards, composition — read first for quick assessment
- Sections 4-6: First aid, fire-fighting, accidental release — critical for emergency planning
- Sections 7-8: Handling/storage and exposure controls — essential for daily operations
- Sections 9-11: Physical/chemical properties, stability, toxicology — for technical evaluation
- Sections 12-16: Ecological, disposal, transport, regulatory — for compliance and logistics
Procurement Tips
- Always request current SDS (within 3 years) before accepting first shipment of any chemical
- Verify SDS language matches your country's official GHS implementation revision
- Compare Section 3 (composition) across different suppliers for equivalent grade verification
- Check Section 15 (regulatory) for REACH registration status, TSCA listing, and local approvals
